X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD)

X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is a technique used in materials science to determine the crystallographic structure of a material. XRD works by irradiating a material with incident X-rays and then measuring the intensities and scattering angles of the X-rays that leave the material
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GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROSCOPY (GCMS)

The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument separates chemical mixtures (the GC component) and identifies the components at a molecular level (the MS component). It is one of the most accurate tools for analyzing environmental samples.
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HIGH PERFORMENCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)

High-performance liquid chromatography or high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a chromatographic method that is used to separate a mixture of compounds in analytical chemistry and biochemistry so as to identify, quantify or purify the individual components of the mixture.
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ATOMIC ABSORTION SPECTROMETER

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) detects elements in either liquid or solid samples through the application of characteristic wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation from a light source. Individual elements will absorb wavelengths differently, and these absorbances are measured against standards
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INDUCTIVE COUPLE PLASMA -OES (EMISSION SPECTROMETER)

The ICP-OES principle uses the fact that atoms and ions can absorb energy to move electrons from the ground state to an excited state. In ICP-OES, the source of that energy is heat from an argon plasma that operates at 10,000 kelvin
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NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a strong constant magnetic field are perturbed by a weak oscillating magnetic field (in the near field) and respond by producing an electromagnetic signal with a frequency characteristic of the magnetic field at the nucleus.
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FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique which is used to obtain infrared spectrum of absorption, emission, and photoconductivity of solid, liquid, and gas. It is used to detect different functional groups in PHB. FTIR spectrum is recorded between 4000 and 400 cm−1
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UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometers use a light source to illuminate a sample with light across the UV to the visible wavelength range (typically 190 to 900 nm). The instruments then measure the light absorbed, transmitted, or reflected by the sample at each wavelength.
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FLUORESCENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETER

A fluorescence spectrometer is a device to detect and analyze organic compounds. Used in biology, chemistry, and environmental science laboratories, the fluorescence spectrometer measures the fluorescence of a molecule to gather information about its components and chemical environment.
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GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - FID/ECD

Gas chromatography is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. Typical uses of GC include testing the purity of a particular substance, or separating the different components of a mixture.
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LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER

The liquid scintillation counter is used for detecting radioactivity. It is an analytical method used for measuring radioactivity when light photons are emitted by the sample.
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FIELD EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging.
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SCANNING ELETRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)

Mengkaji morfologi dan topografi sampel material dan biologi serta menentukan elemen kimia yang terdapat pada permukaan sampel.
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HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMOTOGRAPHY SYSTEM

HPLC separates compounds dissolved in a liquid sample and allows qualitative and quantitative analysis of what components and how much of each component are contained in the sample
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MULTI-MODE MICROPLATE DETECTION PLATFORM

to measure chemical, biological or physical reactions, properties and analytes within the well of a microplate